Tatsunori Matsumoto
Prof. Matsumoto is now with Kanazawa University in Japan for nearly 37 years. He was educated at the Kanazawa University and received his Doctoral Degree from Kyoto University for his work on steel pipe piles in 1989. He has extensive research and practical experience on piled foundations and piled raft foundations. Prof. Matsumoto has a Shake Table Facility for the study of dynamic and earthquake type of behaviour of piled foundations. He has also worked on the centrifuge with pile groups and piled raft foundations in collaboration with Taisei Corporation. Prof. Matsumoto also has wide experience in the seismic design of raft and piled raft foundations. Prof. Matsumoto is one of the authors of the computer software PRAB—Piled Raft Analysis with Batter Piles. With this software piled raft foundation can be analyzed with vertical and horizontal loads as well as moment.
Der Wen Chang
Prof. Der-Wen Chang has been the Geotechnical faculty member at The Department of Civil Engineering of Tamkang University (TKU), Taipei, Taiwan for over 25 years. He received Ph.D. in Civil Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin in 1991 and MS in Civil Engineering at Michigan State University in 1987. Prof. Chang has supervised the research work of over 70 Master Thesis and 3 Ph.D. Thesis at TKU, and published more than 200 articles as the Journal, Conf. papers and reports. Nearly all his research studies are related to numerical modeling and dynamic analyses for the geotechnical structures. His research experiences include NDT methods on pavements, seismic behaviors of the pile foundation, constitutive modeling of the soils, and recent study on the performance based design for the earth structures. Prof. Chang is also the visiting Professor at University of Washington at Seattle, US in 2008 and LN Gumilyov Eurasian National University at Astana, Kazakhstan for research studies in 2010 and 2011. Other than the research works, Prof. Chang devotes himself a great deal to serve the communities. He involves heavily and indeed shows his good performance in the public works related to education and constructions. Prof. Chang is currently the Executive Board member of Chinese Taipei Geotechnical Society, GC member at SEAGS and Editorial Panel for SEAGS/AGSSEA J. of Geotechnical Engineering, and TC212/TC305/ATC18 member at ISSMGE. He is also the Chairman of Conference Committee at 16ARC which is to be held in Taipei, Taiwan in October, 2019.
San Shyan Lin
Prof. San-Shyan Lin graduated from Chung Yuan University with a BSCE degree in 1981. He then obtained his master degree from Utah State University, Logan, Utah in 1985 and his PhD from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri in 1992. Before his teaching career at university, Dr. Lin served as an engineer at Taiwan Area National Expressway Engineering Bureau between1992 to1994. Dr. Lin has been serving at Department of Harbor and River Engineering (DHRE) of National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU) since 1994. He was promoted as a full professor in 2000. Thereafter, he took some university duties by serving as the secretary-general at office of the secretariat between 2001 and 2003; the chairman of DHRE between 2005 and 2006; the acting dean of college of engineering in 2007 and the vice president of NTOU between 2006 and 2012.
Prof. Lin served as a committee member of committee A2K03-Foundations of Bridges and Other Structures of TRB, USA between 1995 and 2004. Currently, he is still serving as a committee member of TC-212 and ATC-1 of ISSMGE and as an editorial board member of four international journals. In addition, Dr. Lin also served as the president of Taiwan Geotechnical Society (2011-2013); Chairman of International Geosynthetics Society- West Pacific Regional Chapter (2002-2004); CEO of Sino-Geotechnics Foundation (2011-2014) etc. Dr. Lin received the distinguished alumnus award from Chung Yuan University in 2009 and the distinguish Engineering Professor Award from Taiwan Pavement Engineering Society in 2011. Prof. Lin’s research and practical experiences have been dealt with deep foundations and geosynthetics.
PREFACE
There are 17 papers in this Issue; the first twelve are papers edited by the Guest Editors: Tatsunori Matsumoto, Der-Wen Chang and San-Shyan Lin; additionally there are five contributed papers are processed by our in-house editors.
The first paper is by K. Ng and T. Sullivan on challenges and recommendations for steel H-piles driven in soft rock: The capacity of a pile driven in soft rock depends on soil confinement along the pile and rock at its toe; these are rarely known during design. This design challenge often leads to a large discrepancy between estimated and measured resistances. Results of six bridge projects completed in Wyoming, USA, are presented to highlight the challenges pertaining to present design and construction practices of driven piles in rock. The results show that static analysis methods, dynamic analysis methods, and structural analyses yield inconsistent pile resistance estimations. A recommendation considering the structure-geomaterial interaction is proposed to improve the design and construction of steel H-piles driven in soft rock.
The second paper is by Anh-Tuan Vu, Tatsunori Matsumoto, Shun-ichi Kobayashi and Shinya Shimono on Experimental study on pile foundations having batter piles subjected to combination of vertical and horizontal loading at 1-g field: in the paper, the behaviours and resistance mechanisms of pile foundations having batter piles were investigated through a series of vertical load tests and combination load tests on model foundations in dry sand ground at 1-g field. Pile foundation models consisting of 3 piles and 6 piles, with or without batter piles, were used in the experiments. The model pile was close-ended pipe with a length of 255 mm and an outer diameter of 20 mm. Dry silica sand having a relative density, Dr, of about 82% was used for the model ground. The results indicate that the piled raft having batter piles is the most effective to increase the resistances (in both vertical and horizontal directions) and reduce the inclination.
In the third paper, T. Tikanta, T. Matsumoto, A. T. Vu, S. Kobayashi, S. Shimono and C. Bamrungwong conduct experiments on a reinforcement method using sheet pile wall for bridge pile foundations subjected to pile embedment reduction and numerical validation. Due to the riverbed soil excavation for the utilization in construction works for many years, the level of riverbed of the Mae Nam Ping River has been considerably decreased, resulting in reduction of embedment lengths of piles for many bridge foundations. Erosion was not a cause of the lowering of the riverbed. Reductions of bearing capacity due to the lowering of riverbed soil is the main cause of bridge pile foundation settlements or collapses at present. In order to prevent the damages of existing bridge pile foundations caused by the riverbed soil excavation, a reinforcement method using sheet piles called “Sheet Pile Wall (SPW) reinforcement” is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed SPW reinforcement method is very efficient and promising. Numerical simulation of an experiment using FEM was also carried out to get more insight into the mechanism of the SPW method and validate the proposed SPW method.
In their paper (fourth one) San-Shyan Lin, Yun-Chih Chiang, Xin-Hua Lin, Hsing-Yu Wang, and Sung-Shan Hsiao carry our numerical studies on performance of offshore wind turbine composite suction pile in sand subjected to combined loading. Numerical analysis on the performance of the proposed suction pile with enlarged lid size subjected to combined lateral and axial loading is presented in the paper. The numerical model is firstly validated by comparison with other numerical study results. The parametric analysis results prove a suction pile with enlarged lid size has better performance than a normal suction pile on both the overall bearing capacity and the stability of the foundation.
The fifth paper is on Consideration of Effects of Pile Group Interaction in Piled Raft System Based on Field Monitoring and Single Pile Load Tests by K. Yamashita, S. Wakai1, J. Hamada and T. Tanikawa. In the paper, the effects of pile group interaction were investigated based on the results of two monitoring cases of piled raft foundations and single pile load tests in soft ground. Based on the investigation, it was found that the modified load-settlement data of the monitored piles were generally consistent with the static load-settlement curve of a single pile. Therefore, no significant effects of pile group interaction on settlement were found. In such cases as pile groups with large spacing, single pile load test data can be more useful in the settlement prediction of piled rafts and pile groups. In addition, it was found that the pile head stiffness of the equivalent static load-settlement curve derived from the rapid load testing in clay soils using the UPM was considerably large compared to the stiffness of the static load test curve, as pointed out by previous studies.
In the sixth paper, In-situ Full Scale Load Tests and Reliability Evaluation of Bearing Capacity for Nodular Cast-in-place Concrete Pile is studied by K. Watanabe, A. Mitsumori, H. Nishioka and M. Koda. This paper firstly summarizes the in-situ full scale load tests, and then describes the results of standard bearing capacity based on the data from the in situ full-scale load tests, finally mentions the estimation of ground resistance coefficient for nodular cast-in-place concrete piles.
The seventh paper by K. Watanabe, T. Yamamoto and T. Sudo is titled Development of Steel Pipe Pile Combined with Ground Improvement in Narrow Spaces. Since pile construction in narrow spaces is constrained by the site and process, in this paper, a construction method combining steel pipe piles with ground improvement using a mechanical agitator (e-column construction method®) was developed. This paper briefly summarizes the construction method, presents the static load tests and rapid load tests, and discusses the results of load tests. The results of the loading tests suggest that the bearing capacity can be evaluated by using the undrained shear strength and SPT N-value. Also, a simplified rapid loading test can be applied to validating the bearing capacity at a construction site. For the joint of the steel pipe piles, the maximum tensile resistance obtained from the experiment was larger than that obtained from the calculation formula.
In the subsequent paper eight in the series K. Watanabe, N. Suzuki and M. Sahara deal with Design and Analysis of Composite Foundation for High-rise Buildings. This paper shows two design cases of composite foundations for high-rise buildings. These two foundations were designed by considering the effect of deformation on the results of a static FEM analysis. The slab settlement was measured upon completion of construction. It was con-firmed that composite foundations deform within a presupposed range.
Hung-Jiun Liao, Chin-Lung Chiu, Chung-Kuang Chien, Yi-En Tang and Heng-Chih Cheng in the ninth paper deal with Pervious Material Made from Landslide Debris for Road Base Construction. This paper introduces an on-site mixing method to prepare pervious-CLSM (controlled low strength material) from the landslide debris by mixing it with proper amount of cement and water. Through the mixing process, the fine soils in the debris will flocculate to a sizable particles and/or stick to the surface of aggregates. As a result, the fines content of the debris can be eliminated and a pervious-CLSM is made. Through the binding effect of cement, the pervious-CLSM can also have moderate strength to maintain the stability of filled embankment and to sustain the traffic load as well. Together with geo-grid, a wrap-faced reinforced embankment as the road base can be constructed quickly using the site prepared CLSM as well as a backhoe machine and hand tools.
The tenth paper is by E. Heins, K.-F. Seitz, A. Chmelnizkij, M. Milatz and J. Grabe on Advances in numerical modelling of different ground improvement techniques. A lot of successful scientific research is conducted on piles and piling using various numerical methods. Therefore, it is assumed that numerical models can be used to improve ground improvement methods. In this contribution, different ground improvement techniques and numerical models to simulate the influence of these techniques on the surrounding soil are presented. Furthermore, optimization methods and potentials of ground improvement techniques are shown.
Ashutosh Kumar and Deepankar Choudhury are the authors of the eleventh paper on Load sharing mechanism of Combined Pile-Raft Foundation (CPRF) under seismic loads. In the present work, the load sharing mechanism under seismic loads for fully hinged (H) and fully rigid (R) connected Combined Pile-Raft Foundation (CPRF) have been studied by using three-dimensional finite element based geotechnical software. Results of the present analyses show that connection rigidity had little influence on vertical settlement of CPRF but had pronounced response on the load sharing by foundation components. In the purview of seismic loading, lateral stiffness played a pivotal role in deciding the load-settlement, lateral displacement, bending moment in piles and inclination response of CPRF. The load sharing by foundation components is governed by mobilization of lateral displacement.
The 12th paper and the last one as assembled by the guest editors is Deflection Behaviour of GFRP Bar Reinforced Concrete Passive Bored Pile in Deep Excavation Construction by J. L. Zhou, E. Oh, X. Zhang, M. Bolton, H. Y. Qin and L. Zhang. This paper describes the investigation of a glass fibre reinforced polymer bar (GFRP bar) as a replacement for a traditional steel bar reinforcement in bored concrete piles with specific application to deep excavation construction. The deflection behaviours of GFRP piles during the installation of one concrete and two steel supports were provided. It is concluded that, based on the difference between the total accumulated deflection of each pile, the GFRP bar reinforced concrete piles can resist the lateral loading and can provide an alternative to traditionally reinforced concrete piles used in shield construction.
The 13th paper by describe by Byron Mawer, Denis Kalumba and Charles Warren-Codrington is the first of the contributed papers edited by San Shyan Lin on Loading and Dynamic Response Considerations for the Design of Wind Turbine Foundations on South African Soils. The discussion of this paper was centered on the sources of loading that wind turbines experience and the consequences of this on the geotechnical design of gravity footings. Rotational stiffness of the foundation was shown to have an important effect on the dynamic response of the wind turbine tower, and thus, on the assumptions surrounding the calculation of the natural frequency of the global system. Soil stiffness effects on natural frequency assumptions were found to be more critical than the minimum stiffness requirements applied by design guidelines and had a notable effect on dynamic amplification for an undamped system.
The 14th paper (also contributed direct to the in-house editors) by Mounir BOUASSIDA, Mnaouar KLAI, Seifeddine TABCHOUCHE and Mekki MELLAS on Comparison of Numerical Analyses of Behaviour of Column-Reinforced Foundations. This paper studies the prediction of behaviour of foundations resting on a soil reinforced by sand and stone columns. A Tunisian case history of oil tank is investigated. By adopting the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for columns material and the hardening soil model for soft clay, the evolution of long term settlement predicted by Plaxis code showed the acceleration of the consolidation of the compressible soft clay due to the enhanced drainage property of column material.
P. Pizette and N-E. Abriak in the 15th paper (also contributed direct to the in-house editors) is on Particle image velocimetry analysis on the sinking of shallow foundation in 2D. This paper focuses on the development of punching device dedicated to study the failure of 2D analogue soil. In order to follow the kinematic behaviors of soil, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis has been developed and tested in the case of the shallow foundations. The results show that the field of the soil displacement under the foundation can be followed via the PIV method. In particular, the image analysis results are qualitatively in good agreement with the Prandlt scheme.
The 16th paper of this Issue (also contributed direct to the in-house editors) is by B. T. T. Nguyen1, T. Takeyama2 and M. Kitazume on Attempt of Simple Calculation on studying Failure mechanism of DM Columns. A simple calculation, based on limit equilibrium method, was performed to evaluate the failure pattern of deep mixing (DM) columns, used to reinforce an embankment slope. In this study, a trial of limit equilibrium method to access the failure mode of the columns is focused with an overall mechanism. As a result, while the calculation can simply predict the failure pattern of the DM columns, a parametric study was also performed to evaluate the effect of several improvement factors.
The last paper of this Issue, the 17th (also contributed direct to the in-house editors) is Microzonation of liquefaction hazard using liquefaction index in Babol City by A. Janalizadechoobbasti, M. Naghizadeh rokni, and R. Charaty. In this paper, the zoning map of Babol liquefaction risk is provided. In this regard, a study was conducted on the soils in Babol and after examining different areas of the city, laboratory results and field studies of more than 50 boreholes in different areas with a depth of 20 m were analyzed for finding liquefaction and non-liquefaction segments. In this study, different approaches were used including Seed, Iwasaki, Haeri and Yasrebi, Chin & Zhang and Sewmez & Gocojlou procedures and finally, a computer program was written for examining and providing microzoning map of Babol liquefaction risk.
Editors:
Tatsunori Matsumoto
Der Wen Chang
San Shyan Lin
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Seventeen papers are contained in this issue. Twelve of them are assembled by the Guest Editors and another four contributed papers by the in-house editors. No doubt the material contained herein would be most valuable to our profession. The editors have adequately described the contributions in the preface. They are to be congratulated for these contributions.
Dr. Teik Aun Ooi
Prof. San Shyan Lin
Prof. Kwet Yew Yong
Dr. Noppadol Phienwej
Prof. A. S. Balasubramaniam
TABLE OF CONTENTS
September 2017: Deep Foundations
Editors: Tatsunori Matsumoto, Der Wen Chang & San Shyan Lin
